Switch and system



Feb. 2, 1954 L. I.. NAGEI. 2,668,249

SWITCH AND SYSTEM Filed Maren 4, 195

3 Sheets-Sheet l BY JMU 2m ATTORNEYS Feb. 2, 1954 L. NAGEL SWITCH AND SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Lesfr Nrige] Filed March 4, 1952 ATTORNEYS Feb. 2, 1954 NAGEL 2,668,249

SWITCH AND SYSTEM Filed March 4, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 H55 INVENTOR Leger L.v Ngel BY @M 9 520% ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 2., k1Y 9,574V

SWITCH AND SYSTEM Lester L. Nagel, Summit, N. J., assignor to Research Corporation, ration of New York New York, N. Y., a corpo- Application March 4, 1952, Serial No. 274,803 5 Claims. (C1. 307-112) This invention relates to an electric switch and an electrical system incorporating the same. More particularly the invention relates to a switch construction for selective full-wave and half-wave energization of two loads from two sources of full-wave rectified current.

An object of the invention is to provide a switch construction that is especially adapted for energization of electrical precipitation systems in which two electrical precipitators are normally separately energized with full-wave rectified alternating current from separate sources of such current and in which it is desirable to energize, on occasion, both precipitators from one of the sources of current while the other source is out of operation and disconnected from load.

Another obj ect is to provide a switch construction that is operable to disconnect one of two current sources from its load and simultaneously to connect two loads to the other current source.

Another object is to provide a switch construction of the foregoing character that is of simple construction, reliable, and easy to operate and maintain.

Still another object is to provide in a switch construction of this sort certain features that improve safety of operation of the switch and an electrical system incorporating the switch.

These and other objects of the invention as may appear hereinafter are achieved in an electrical switch construction for elective full-wave and half-wave energization of two loads from two sources of full-wave rectified single-phase alternating current including first and second input terminals energized by alternate waves of full-wave rectified current from one source thereof, third and fourth input terminals energized by alternate waves of full-wave rectified current from a second source thereof, first and second output terminals connectible to separate loads, and switch means including simultaneously movable contact members for connecting the first and second input terminals to the first output terminal and the third and fourth input terminals to the second output terminal in one position of the contact members, for connecting the first 'input terminal to one of the output terminals and the second input terminal to the other output terminal while leaving the third and fourth input terminals open in a second position of the contact. members, and for connecting the third input terminal to one of the output terminals and the fourth input terminal to the other output terminal while leaving the first and second 2 input terminals open in a third position of the contact members.

The switch construction may also include means for selectively grounding and isolating the input terminals.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of apparatus for energizing electrical precipitators including an electrical switch construction in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sketch of an electrical voltage transforming and rectifying circuit employed in the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2; and

Figs. 4 to 6 are plan sketches showing various operating positions of the switch construction embodied in the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 thereof, the electrical preciptator energizing apparatus shown by way of illustration has cylindrical casings IB and Il each housing an electrical set supplying full-wave rectied current at high voltage from single-phase alternating current of low voltage. Electrical sets for this purpose are well known in the yart of electrical precipitation. However, in order to explain fully the present invention, the circuit diagram of a typical electrical set is shown in Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 3, the electrical set includes a power transformer I2 that steps up line voltage of 220y volts, for example, to a voltage of the order of 50,000 volts. The transformer has a primary winding I3 to which is applied through wires I4 and I5 single-phase low voltage alternating line current. The high voltage current induced in the secondary winding It of the transformer is conducted through wires Il and It to a bridge rectifier I9, of conventional design, that employs diode rectifying tubes 2t of known construction. Rectied high voltage current is taken off from the terminals 2|, 22, and 23,. one half of the rectified wave appearing at terminals 2I and 23 and the alternate half appearing at terminals 22 and 23. In the apparatus specifically illustrating the invention, the terminal 23 is grounded and the terminals 2| and 22 are insulated from ground. Other types of electrical sets may be employed such as those having mechanical rotary rectifying switches.

Referring again to Figs. l and 2, the insulated, 'or high tension terminals 2| and 22 are shown as being associated with the electrical set in casing I0 and similar high tension terminals 2i from load, as for the purpose of making repairs, replacing tubes, etc.

One half of a rectified Wave from the terminal 2|' of the electrical set in housing Il is fed to the discharge electrode 84 of the left-hand precipitator through conductors 54 and 50, terminal 35, switch arm 32, disc 30, and output conductor I. The terminal 40 being open, no short circuiting occurs.

The alternate half of the rectified wave from the electrical set in housing ll fiows from the output terminal 22 to the discharge electrode 66 of the right hand precipitator through the cori-` ductor 51, terminal 4I, switch arm 33, disc 6|, and output conductor 60.

Referring to Fig. 6, showing the switch rotors advanced still another 60 in the clockwise direction, the two precipitators 63, 64 and 65, 66 are energized with alternate half waves from the electricalset in housing l0, while the electrical set in housing il is off load. Input terminals 48 and 4l of switch device 25, together with terminal of switch device 24, are open thus effectively isolating the electrical set in housing Il from load.

The discharge electrode 64 of the left-hand precipitator is energized with one half-wave from the terminal 22 through conductor 41, terminal 34, switch arm 3l, disc 30, and output conductor 5l. Also, the discharge electrode 66 of the righthand precipitator is energized from the terminal 2| through conductors 2l and 53, terminal 42, switch arm 39, disc GI and output conductor 60.

The switch construction also includes an arrangement for grounding either of the electrical sets at will. Such grounding is desirable as a safety precaution when one of the sets is off load and deenergized for servicing. The grounding arrangement is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, a grounded disc 61 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 68 provided with a hand wheel 69 for rotating the disc. The hand wheel 69 rotates the grounded disc 61 through a cam box 10 between the hand wheel and the shaft 68. 'I'he disc 61 carries a grounding arm having a radially extending section 1I, a riser 12 and a horizontally extending section 13 positioned to make contact with the terminal of the stator of switch device 25 when the disc 51 and arm are rotated in :the clockwise direc- I tion as seen is Fig. 1.

Another grounded disc 14 is rotatably mounted on the plate 21 and has an arm 15 that makes contact with a terminal 16 on the output conductor 22 when the disc and arm are rotated counterclockwise as seen in Fig. 1. A mechanical linkage system including an arm 11 associated with the disc 61, an arm 18 associated with the disc 16, and a link 19 pivotally connected between the ends of the arms is provided to effect simultaneous operation of the grounding switches. The arms 11 and 18 are so proportioned and positioned that the switch arms 13 and 15 simultaneously make contact with the terminals 40 and 16 when the hand wheel 69 is rotated in the appropriate direction.

It will be seen that when the rotor 6 l of switch device 25 is in the position shown in Fig. 6, the electrical set in housing Il is disconnected from load. The electrical set may be deenergized and safely grounded by closing switch arms 13 and 15 with their cooperating terminals 40 and 16.

A similar grounding arrangement is provided for the electrical set in housing I0. This arrangement includes a grounding disc 80 operated by hand Wheel 8| and having an arm 82 that contacts switch terminal 33. The grounding disc is connected by a linkage mechanism 83 to another rotatable grounding disc 84 having a switch arm 85 that makes contact with the terminal 86 on output conductor 22. The linkage mechanism is constructed and arranged to effect simultaneous closing and opening of the contacts 82, 83 and 85, 86.

When the rotor 30 of switch device 24 is in the position shown in Fig. 5, the electrical set in housing lil is off load and may be deenergized and grounded by closing the grounding contacts.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the present invention provides a switch construction and mechanism by which the objects of the invention are fully accomplished. It will also be seen that a variety of modifications may be made in the design and engineering of the switch construction without departing from the principles of the invention.

I claim:

l. A switch construction for selective full-wave and half-wave energization of two loads from two sources of full-wave rectified current comprising a first switch device having a stator element and a cooperating rotor element, first switch actuating means connected to said first switch device, said stator element having first, second and third terminals spaced respectively 126 and 60 apart and said rotor element having first and second arms spaced apart; a second switch device having a stator element and a cooperating rotor element, second switch actuating means connected to said second switch device, said stator element having fourth, fifth and sixth terminals spaced respectively 60 and 120 apart and said rotor element having third and fourth arms spaced 60 apart; first conductor means connecting said first terminal to said sixth terminal; second conductor means connecting said third terminal to said fourth terminal; means mechanically linking said rotor elements for simultaneous rotation from a rst position in which said first and second arms are in contact with said first and second terminals respectively and said third and fourth arms are in contact with said fourth and fifth terminals respectively through a second position in which said first arm is between said first and second terminals, said second arm is in contact with said third terminal, said third arm is in contact with said fifth terminal and said fourth arm is between said fifth and sixth terminals to a third position in which said first arm is in contact with said second terminal, said second arm is between said third and first terminals, said third arm is between said fifth and sixth terminals and said fourth arm is in contact with said sixth terminal; a first output terminal on the rotor of said first switch device connected to said first and second arms; and a second output terminal on the rotor of said second switch device connected to said third and fourth arms.

2. A switch construction for selective full-wave and half-wave energization of two loads from two sources of full-wave rectified current comprising a first switch device having a stationary element and a cooperating movable element, first switch actuating means connected to said first switch device, one of said elements having first, second and third terminals and the other of said elements having first and second contact members movable into contact with said terminals; a second switch device having a stationary ele- `ment and a cooperating movable element, second switch actuating means connected to said second switch device, one of said elements having fourth, fifth and sixth terminals and the other of said elements having third and fourth contact members movable into contact with said terminals; first conductor means connectingsaid first terminal to said sixth terminal; second conductor means connecting said third terminal to said fourth terminal; means for simultaneously moving the movable elements of said switch devices from a first position in which said first and second contact members are in contact with said first and second terminals respectively and said third and fourth contact members are in contact with said fourth and fifth terminals respectively through a second position in which said first con.- tact member is open, said second contact member is in contact with said third terminal, said third contact member is in contact with said fifth terlminal and said fourth contact member is open to a third position in which said rst contact member is in contact with said second terminal, said second and third contact members are open and said fourth contact member is in contact with said sixth terminal; a first output terminal connected to said first and second contact mems bers; and a second output terminal connected to said third and fourth contact members.

3. A switch construction for selective full-:wave and half-wave energization of two loads from two sources of full-wave rectified current com. prising first and second input terminals energleed by alternate waves of fullrwave rectified singlefphase alternating current from one source thereof, third and fourth input terminals energized by alternate waves of ful1-wave rectified single-phase alternating current from a second source thereof, rst and second output terminals connectible to separate loads, and switch means including separate movable contact members, separate actuators for said movable contact members and means interconnecting the movable contact members for simultaneously connecting said rst and second input terminals to said first output terminal and said third and fourth input terminals to said second output terminal in one position of said contact members, for connecting said nrst input terminal to one of said output Jterminals and said second input terminal to the other of said output terminals while leaving said third and fourth input terminals open in a second position of said contact members, and for connecting said third input terminal to one of said output terminals and said fourth input terminal to the other of said output terminals while leaving said first and second input terminals open in a third position of said contact members.

4. A switch construction as defined in claim 3 including means for selectively grounding and isolating said input terminals.

5. A switch construction as defined in claim 3 including means for simultaneously selectively grounding and isolating said first and second insv put terminals and second means for simultaneously selectively grounding and isolating said third and fourth input terminals.

LESTER L. NAGEL.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 

